The application of adjuvant – preoperative chemotherapy aims to reduce the risk of the presumed risk of relapse of the disease by its cytostatic effect on possible micrometastases. Individual risk for disease relapse is determined by classifying an individual patient into one of the prognostic groups. Therefore, it is necessary to determine all prognostic parameters in each individual patient with early breast cancer using pathohistological and clinical methods: standard histopathological analysis, size, type and grade of the tumor, vascular invasion, involvement and number of affected axillary lymphatics, estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 status, as well as the patient’s age and menstrual status. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in patients with moderate, and especially in those with a high risk of disease relapse. Of the ten chemotherapy regimens that are most commonly used in adjuvant therapy, those containing anthracyclines – AS are recommended for high-risk patients, especially if there is HER2 overexpression or amplification. The optimal length of adjuvant chemotherapy has not been fully investigated, but it is most often applied during 6 to 8 cycles, ie it lasts 18-24 weeks. A shorter application of 12-16 weeks may be suitable for elderly patients. The use of taxanes is recommended in patients with node-positive tumors, especially those belonging to the high-risk category.